فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1400)

Different Salvia species have been used as medicinal plants in different parts of the world and therefore attracted the attention of researchers for exploring their chemical constituents. Salvia rhytidea Benth. is one of the endemic species that grows widely in the eastern parts of Iran. In traditional medicine Salvia rhytidea Benth. is known for promoting blood flow and resolving blood stasis and for its antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Recently researchers have discovered new and potentially bioactive secondary metabolites from this plant.The results of phytochemical screening of different fractions of the methanolic extract of Salvia rhytidea Benth. aerial parts(flowered browse) showed different levels of flavonoids ,tannins and rosmarinic acid. In addition the researchers investigated the petroleum ether extract of the root of this plant.They reported the isolation of different diterpenoids. Results showed that Salvia rhytidea Benth. exhibited a strong antifungal effect against some Candida isolates, hypoglycaemic effect and inhibitory action of alphaglucosidase. Wide range of medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, ant-iprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma bruceirhodesiense(two micro-organisms responsible for malaria and sleeping diseases, antitumor, anticancer, enzyme inhibition, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antihypertensive, anticholinesterase, insecticideal are reported from different compounds of the roots of Salvia rhytidea Benth.

Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinnalis) which is from Laimiaceae genus is almost scattered all over the world and is particularly concentrated in the Mediterranean area and it is also cultivated in Iran. Therefore, due to the importance of this plant and growing interest of people to use less chemical medicines, it seems necessary to examine the studies conducted to study the properties of Rosemary. Carnosic acid is currently an important composition which is a major component of Rosemary secondary composition. The key components which extracted from rosemary included: Cirsimaritin, Diosmin and Genkwanin. Rosemarinic acid is in the form of carnosol and carnosic acid has considerable anti-oxidant properties. Rosemary essence has very good antibacterial properties against many bacteria. In recent years, many researchers have been conducted on its inhibitory effects against microorganisms. Oleanolic acid have anti-viral, anti-oxidant and anti- proliferative properties to protect against anti-oxidative apoptosis. Ursolic acid can also be useful in preventing cancer. Rosemary is non-toxic to human and has no side effects, so that this valuable plant has been superior to some of the common antibiotics. Also, several reviewed studies showed that adding rosemary essence to food samples has a superior effect in reducing the microbial load and increasing the shelf life of foods. Given that anti- inflammatory, anti-oxidant and pharmacological properties of Rosemary with a wide range have been approved. So, this plant can be a suitable choice to be used in the field of pharmacy and food industry. Therefore, it seems necessary and beneficial to conduct further studies on evaluating its anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activities.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of selenium nanoparticles on some morphological and phytochemical properties of cherry tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L. var.cerasiforme) under drought stress conditions in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments including (0, 2, 4 and 10 mg/l) Selenium and the interaction of selenium on drought (50% of field capacity) was repeated 3 times. For this purpose, first the seeds were planted in pots hydroponically and selenium (sodium selenate as bulk control and nano selenium) was treated weekly as a leaf spray from the 5-6 leaf stage of the plant. After 3 days of the seventh treatment, morphological and phytochemical analyzes were performed. The evaluated traits included shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, chlorophyll content, content of some elements in leaves and antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that the highest fresh and dry weight of shoots, shoot length and chlorophyll a and b content were observed in the treatment of 4 mg/l nano-selnium compared to the control. The highest content of zinc per leaf was observed in the treatment group of 4 mg/l nano-selenium and the content of selenium in the treatment of 10 mg/l nano- selenium was observed in comparison with the control. The highest activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase was observed in the treatment group of 10 mg/l nano-selenium compared to the control. In general, treatment of 4 mg/l nano-selenium increased plant tolerance to drought stress and growth.

This study for evaluation the effect of some plant growth retardants on growth and development parameters of Dahlia spp. as a completely randomized design experiment with 10 treatments, 3 replication and each treatment with 3 plant, a total 90 pots were conducted. Treatments includ Paclobutrazol with three levels 50, 75 and 100 ppm, Daminozide and Cycocel with three levels 500, 750 and 1000 ppm and the pot was without spraying as a control. Treatments were applied when the plants had 8 to 15 true leaves and after treatments, sampling and evaluation of traits were performed about 60 days after spraying. The studied traits include air and root fresh and dry weight, longest root length, plant length, number of flower, anthocyanins of petals and total chlorophyll of leaf content and flowering period. The results showed that the most of air fresh weight, anthocyanins of petals content and flowering period and the lowest number of flower was in Cycocel 1000 ppm. The most of root dry weight and the lowest plant length was in Paclobutrazol 100 ppm. Also the most air dry weight in Daminozide 750 ppm, the most root fresh weight and longest root length in Paclobutrazol 75 ppm, the most total chlorophyll of leaf content in Daminozide 1000 ppm, the most number of flower in Daminozide 5000 ppm and the most plant length was in control treatmen

Limited water resources in the country and the need for healthy protein have increased the attention to the multi- purpose use of water resources as well as fish production to meet the needs of the human and the economic power of farmers. In addition, the waste products of fish metabolism are very useful fertilizer for agricultural products. To investigate the effects of irrigation with dual-purpose ponds with the use of fertilizer on quantitative parameters of watermelon cultivar Niagara, an experiment was carried out with 4 treatments with 10 replications Treatments were included : T1 - Irrigation with dual-purpose agricultural pond and nano-fertilizer T2 - Irrigation with dual-purpose agricultural ponds T3 - Irrigation with dual-purpose agricultural pool and cattle manure with Tipper T4 - Dual- purpose agricultural ponds and poultry fertilizer. results showed that the effect of treatments on fruit weight, fruit size, number of fruits per plant and watermelon yield was significant. There was no difference between fruit number and fruit weight between T3 and T4 treatments, however, T4 treatment had about 20% more fruit yield than T3, which was not significant. In T3 treatment, the skin thickness of the fruit was more than T4 treatment, but they did not show any difference in flesh fruit density. The control treatment (T2) with the lowest number of fruits and fruit size had a lower yield than all other treatments. The higher yield of T1 treatment compared to T4 and T3 was due to higher fruit weight in T1 treatment than the other two treatments and the number of fruits per plant was the similar. The results of this study suggest irrigation of watermelon farms with water output from fish ponds along with the principled use of livestock and chemical fertilizers based on case studies.

One of the most important applications of nanotechnology in the soil and water sector is the use of nanofertilizers to feed plants to increase nutrient efficiency and minimize the cost of environmental protection. In this regard, in order to investigate the effect of zinc nanoclate fertilizer application on some morphological traits of T.erecta (parsley flower), a study was designed in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications in Garmsar region. Treatments included 3 concentrations of zinc (750 mg / l, 1.5 g / l and 3 g / l) as foliar application and no fertilizer (control) and finally plant height, shoot weight, root wet weight, dry weight aerial parts and root dry weight were evaluated. The results of comparing the mean of the studied traits showed that all traits had a significant difference and treatment 4 (nano chelate fertilizer on 12% at a rate of 3 g / l) had the highest value in all traits except height. Therefore, it can be concluded that the best type of nanofertilizer to improve the morphological characteristics of T.erecta (parsley flower) in Garmsar region is treatment number 4(nano chelate fertilizer on 12% at a rate of 3 g / l)